Clopamide

Clopamide.svg

Clopamide' is a sulfonamide diuretic drug used primarily in the treatment of hypertension and edema. It belongs to the class of thiazide-like diuretics, which work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys, leading to an increase in the excretion of water, sodium, and chloride.

Mechanism of Action

Clopamide acts on the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron in the kidney. By inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter, it reduces the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions. This action results in increased excretion of these ions, along with water, thereby reducing the volume of fluid in the blood vessels and lowering blood pressure.

Medical Uses

Clopamide is primarily used for:

• Hypertension: It helps in lowering high blood pressure, thereby reducing the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction.
• Edema: It is used to treat fluid retention associated with conditions such as congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and renal disease.

Side Effects

Common side effects of clopamide include:

• Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)
• Hyponatremia (low sodium levels)
• Hypercalcemia (high calcium levels)
• Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels)
• Hyperuricemia (high uric acid levels)

Contraindications

Clopamide should not be used in patients with:

• Severe renal impairment
• Severe hepatic impairment
• Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides

Pharmacokinetics

Clopamide is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the urine. The half-life of clopamide is approximately 6-8 hours.

History

Clopamide was developed in the mid-20th century and has been used clinically for several decades. It is available in various formulations, including tablets and capsules.

See Also

• Diuretic
• Thiazide-like diuretic
• Hypertension
• Edema