Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is a type of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) found in the bronchus of the respiratory system. It plays a crucial role in the immune response to inhaled antigens and pathogens.

Structure

BALT is composed of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It is located in the walls of the bronchus and is particularly abundant in the bifurcations of the bronchial tree. The structure of BALT is similar to other MALTs, with lymphoid follicles surrounded by a mantle of B cells and T cells.

Function

The primary function of BALT is to provide a first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. It does this by trapping and presenting antigens to immune cells, which then initiate an immune response. BALT also plays a role in the development of immune tolerance to harmless inhaled substances.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in BALT can contribute to a variety of respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. In some cases, BALT may also be a site of lymphoma development.

See also

• Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
• Respiratory system
• Immune system

References

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