CT urogram

CT urogram
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A CT urogram is a specialized radiographic imaging technique that combines computed tomography (CT) scanning and urography to visualize the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. This diagnostic tool is primarily used to detect and evaluate various conditions affecting the urinary tract such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and tumors.

Indications

CT urogram is typically indicated for patients presenting symptoms of urinary tract abnormalities, including hematuria (blood in urine), recurrent urinary tract infections, or unexplained flank pain. It is also used in the evaluation of cancers of the urinary tract, such as renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and cancers of the ureters.

Procedure

The procedure involves the administration of intravenous contrast material, which enhances the imaging of the urinary tract structures. The patient is placed on a movable table that slides into a CT scanner, which captures multiple cross-sectional images of the abdomen and pelvis. These images are then reconstructed to create a detailed three-dimensional representation of the urinary tract.

Advantages

The CT urogram provides a comprehensive evaluation of the urinary tract, offering several advantages over other imaging modalities:

• High-resolution images that can detect small lesions and subtle abnormalities.
• Ability to assess both the anatomy and function of the kidneys and urinary tract.
• Non-invasive nature, with no need for surgical intervention.

Risks

While a CT urogram is generally safe, it does carry some risks:

• Exposure to ionizing radiation, which has the potential to cause cancer over long-term exposure.
• Potential allergic reactions to the contrast material, ranging from mild itching to severe anaphylactic reactions.
• Risk of nephropathy due to contrast material, particularly in patients with pre-existing kidney impairment.

Interpretation

The interpretation of a CT urogram is performed by a radiologist, who evaluates the images for any signs of abnormality in the urinary tract. The findings are then documented in a radiological report, which is provided to the referring physician to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning.

See also

• Intravenous pyelogram
• Ultrasound
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging