Calcium regulation

Calcium regulation refers to the process by which the body maintains optimal levels of calcium in the body. This is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system, muscle contraction, and blood clotting. The body regulates calcium levels through the actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin.

Mechanisms of Calcium Regulation[edit | edit source]

The body maintains calcium homeostasis through three primary mechanisms: bone resorption, calcium absorption in the intestines, and calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.

Bone Resorption[edit | edit source]

Bone resorption is the process by which osteoclasts break down bone and release the mineral, including calcium, into the blood. This process is stimulated by PTH.

Calcium Absorption in the Intestines[edit | edit source]

Calcium absorption in the intestines is primarily regulated by vitamin D. When calcium levels in the blood are low, the parathyroid glands secrete PTH, which in turn stimulates the production of vitamin D in the kidneys. Vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium in the intestines.

Calcium Reabsorption in the Kidneys[edit | edit source]

PTH also stimulates the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys, reducing the amount of calcium excreted in the urine.

Disorders of Calcium Regulation[edit | edit source]

Disorders of calcium regulation can lead to a variety of health problems, including osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia.

Osteoporosis[edit | edit source]

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, which can lead to an increased risk of fracture. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including disorders of calcium regulation.

Hypercalcemia[edit | edit source]

Hypercalcemia is a condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood. It can be caused by excessive secretion of PTH, among other factors.

Hypocalcemia[edit | edit source]

Hypocalcemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood. It can be caused by insufficient secretion of PTH, among other factors.

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