Calendulas

Calendulas (Calendula) are a genus of about 15–20 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae). They are native to the area from Macaronesia east through the Mediterranean region to Iran. Calendulas are often known by the common name marigold, particularly in Europe and the United States; however, they are distinct from the marigolds of the Tagetes genus. The name "calendula" is derived from the Latin word calendae, meaning "little calendar", "little clock", or possibly "little weather-glass". The common name "marigold" refers to the Virgin Mary, and the flowers are used in various Christian festivals. Calendulas are considered important in gardening and herbal medicine, and they are also used as food coloring and in cosmetics.

Description

Calendulas grow to between 30 and 70 cm in height. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, 5–17 cm long, and they are hairy on both sides. The flower heads are typically yellow or orange and are borne singly or in clusters. They have a distinctive, layered appearance, with ray florets surrounding the central disc florets. The flowers can bloom the first year and produce a succession of large, colorful flowers from late spring until frost.

Cultivation

Calendulas prefer a sunny position and are tolerant of most soil types, provided they are well-drained. They are often planted in flower beds, borders, and containers. Calendulas can be propagated by seed, which can be sown directly in the ground in spring or started indoors to extend the flowering season. They are relatively low-maintenance plants but may require deadheading to promote continuous blooming and prevent excessive self-seeding.

Uses

Culinary

Calendula petals are edible and have a tangy, peppery taste. They are used to add color to salads, soups, and dishes as a natural dye. The petals have been traditionally used in making a yellow cheese colorant.

Medicinal

Calendula has been used in herbal medicine for centuries. It is reputed to have anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and wound-healing properties, making it a popular ingredient in creams, oils, and teas for treating skin conditions, minor wounds, and burns.

Cosmetic

In cosmetics, calendula extracts are valued for their soothing and moisturizing properties. They are commonly found in products for sensitive skin, baby care, and natural cosmetics.

Species

Some well-known species of Calendula include:

• Calendula officinalis – Pot Marigold, the most widely cultivated and used species.
• Calendula arvensis – Field Marigold
• Calendula suffruticosa – Coast Marigold

In Culture

Calendulas have various symbolic meanings, including warmth, joy, and protection. They are often used in wedding bouquets and decorations for their vibrant colors and association with happiness and prosperity.