Calvary (sanctuary)

Sacro Monte di Varallo Fig3

Calvary (sanctuary)

Calvary is a term used to describe a type of religious sanctuary that is dedicated to the commemoration of the Passion of Jesus Christ. These sanctuaries are often found in Christian contexts, particularly within the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The term "Calvary" itself is derived from the Latin word "calvaria," meaning "skull," which is a reference to Golgotha, the site outside Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified.

History

The tradition of creating Calvary sanctuaries dates back to the late Middle Ages, when the Franciscan order began to promote the practice of Stations of the Cross. These sanctuaries were designed to provide a place for pilgrimage and meditation on the events of the Passion. Over time, they evolved to include elaborate architectural and artistic elements, such as chapels, statues, and reliefs depicting scenes from the Passion.

Architecture

Calvary sanctuaries typically feature a series of stations or shrines that represent the different events of the Passion. These stations are often arranged along a path that pilgrims can follow, allowing them to meditate on each event in sequence. The final station is usually a representation of the Crucifixion, often with a large cross or crucifix as the focal point.

The architectural style of Calvary sanctuaries can vary widely, ranging from simple, rustic designs to elaborate, baroque structures. Many Calvary sanctuaries are located on hills or other elevated sites, symbolizing the ascent to Golgotha.

Notable Examples

Some of the most famous Calvary sanctuaries include:

• Kalwaria Zebrzydowska in Poland, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its extensive complex of chapels and paths.
• Sacro Monte di Varallo in Italy, one of the oldest and most elaborate Calvary sanctuaries, featuring over 40 chapels with life-sized statues.
• Montmartre in Paris, which is home to the Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur and has a long history as a site of Christian worship and pilgrimage.

Cultural Significance

Calvary sanctuaries hold significant cultural and religious importance for many Christians. They serve as places of devotion, prayer, and reflection on the suffering and sacrifice of Jesus Christ. These sanctuaries also play a role in the liturgical life of the Church, particularly during Holy Week and Easter.

See Also

• Stations of the Cross
• Passion of Jesus
• Pilgrimage
• Golgotha
• Franciscan Order