Carbolic acid

Carbolic acid, also known as phenol, is a aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (−OH). It is mildly acidic and requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns.

History

Carbolic acid was first extracted from coal tar by Friedrich Ferdinand Runge in 1834. Runge called it "kyselina karbolová" (carbolic acid). It was used by Joseph Lister in the pioneering technique of antiseptic surgery.

Production

Commercially, phenol is made from benzene through either a cumene-based process or a toluene-based technology. The cumene process is the most significant method for the production of phenol, accounting for a majority of the global production.

Uses

Carbolic acid is used in the production of resins, plastics, and dyes. It is also used in the preparation of aspirin, bakelite, and picric acid. In the medical field, it is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

Safety

Exposure to carbolic acid can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Ingestion can lead to systemic toxicity, including effects on the central nervous system.

See also

• Coal tar
• Phenol
• Antiseptic
• Disinfectant