Celiac Disease
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Celiac Disease is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the small intestine. It occurs in genetically predisposed individuals and is triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Celiac disease is characterized by an inappropriate immune response to gluten, leading to inflammation and damage to the villi of the small intestine. This damage impairs nutrient absorption, leading to various gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Symptoms of celiac disease can vary widely and may include:
Some individuals may be asymptomatic or have atypical symptoms such as neurological disorders or osteoporosis.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of celiac disease typically involves:
- Serological tests for specific antibodies, such as anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA).
- Confirmatory biopsy of the small intestine showing villous atrophy.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The only effective treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet. This involves avoiding all foods containing wheat, barley, and rye. Adherence to the diet can lead to the healing of the intestinal mucosa and resolution of symptoms.
Complications[edit | edit source]
If left untreated, celiac disease can lead to several complications, including:
- Malnutrition
- Osteoporosis
- Infertility
- Increased risk of certain cancers, such as intestinal lymphoma
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Celiac disease affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. It is more common in individuals of European descent and is associated with other autoimmune conditions such as Type 1 diabetes and thyroid disorders.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- Fasano, A., & Catassi, C. (2012). Celiac disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 367(25), 2419-2426.
- Green, P. H. R., & Cellier, C. (2007). Celiac disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 357(17), 1731-1743.
External links[edit | edit source]
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