Chapiter

Chapiter A chapiter, also known as a capital, is the topmost part of a column or pilaster. It mediates between the column and the load thrusting down upon it, broadening the area of the column's supporting surface. The function of the chapiter is to provide structural support and to serve as a decorative element in architecture.

Types of Chapiters

Chapiters come in various styles, each associated with different architectural orders. The primary types include:

• Doric - Characterized by a simple, unadorned design, often featuring a plain echinus and abacus.
• Ionic - Known for its volutes, which are spiral scroll-like ornaments.
• Corinthian - Distinguished by its ornate design, often decorated with acanthus leaves.
• Composite - A combination of Ionic volutes and Corinthian acanthus leaves.

Historical Development

The chapiter has evolved over time, reflecting changes in architectural styles and cultural influences. In ancient Egypt, chapiters were often adorned with lotus and papyrus motifs. In Greece, the development of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders marked significant advancements in chapiter design. The Romans further refined these styles and introduced the Composite order. During the Middle Ages, chapiters in Gothic cathedrals became more elaborate, often featuring intricate carvings of biblical scenes, foliage, and mythical creatures. The Renaissance period saw a revival of classical forms, with chapiters reflecting the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman architecture.

Function and Symbolism

Beyond their structural role, chapiters often carry symbolic meanings. In religious architecture, they may depict scenes from sacred texts or symbolize virtues and vices. In secular buildings, chapiters can reflect the wealth and status of the patron or the cultural values of the society.

Related Architectural Elements

• Column
• Pilaster
• Entablature
• Architrave
• Frieze
• Cornice

See Also

• Doric order
• Ionic order
• Corinthian order
• Composite order
• Gothic architecture
• Renaissance architecture