Chemical gastritis

Chemical gastritis is a type of gastritis, which is an inflammation of the stomach lining. Unlike other forms of gastritis caused by infectious agents or autoimmune conditions, chemical gastritis results from the direct irritation of the stomach's mucosa by chemical substances. These substances can include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alcohol, bile, and certain other medications. Chemical gastritis can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and indigestion. If left untreated, it may result in complications like peptic ulcers or even increase the risk of stomach cancer.

Causes

The primary cause of chemical gastritis is the exposure of the stomach lining to irritative or corrosive substances. The most common culprits include:

• NSAIDs: These medications, such as ibuprofen and aspirin, can weaken the stomach's protective mucous layer, making it more susceptible to damage by stomach acid.
• Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption can irritate and erode the stomach lining, leading to inflammation.
• Bile reflux: This occurs when bile, a digestive fluid produced in the liver, flows back into the stomach and esophagus, irritating the stomach lining.
• Other medications: Certain other drugs, including corticosteroids and some chemotherapy agents, can also cause chemical gastritis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of chemical gastritis can vary from mild to severe and include:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Nausea and vomiting
• Indigestion
• Bloating
• Loss of appetite
• Feeling of fullness after eating small amounts

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of chemical gastritis typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as:

• Endoscopy: A procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end is used to look inside the stomach.
• Biopsy: During an endoscopy, a small sample of stomach tissue may be taken to examine for signs of inflammation and damage.

Treatment

Treatment for chemical gastritis focuses on removing the irritant and managing symptoms. This may include:

• Discontinuing or switching the use of NSAIDs or other offending medications, under a doctor's supervision.
• Limiting alcohol consumption.
• Medications to reduce stomach acid, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2-receptor antagonists.
• In cases of bile reflux, medications that bind bile acids might be prescribed.

Prevention

Preventive measures for chemical gastritis involve lifestyle and dietary changes, such as:

• Limiting the use of NSAIDs and seeking alternatives for pain management.
• Moderating alcohol intake.
• Eating smaller, more frequent meals to reduce the workload on the stomach.

See Also

• Gastritis
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Stomach cancer
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug