Cipro
| Ciprofloxacin.svg | |
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone, a class of antibiotics noted for their ability to inhibit the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Ciprofloxacin was first patented in 1983 by Bayer A.G. and it came into medical use in 1987.
Medical uses[edit | edit source]
Ciprofloxacin is used to treat a number of infections including: urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, gastrointestinal infections, bone and joint infections, typhoid fever, skin infections, septicaemia, and anthrax. It is also used to treat certain types of diarrhea and sexually transmitted infections.
Mechanism of action[edit | edit source]
Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting the enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. By inhibiting these enzymes, ciprofloxacin prevents the bacteria from reproducing and repairing themselves, which leads to bacterial cell death.
Side effects[edit | edit source]
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash. More serious side effects can include tendon rupture, QT prolongation, hypoglycemia, psychotic reactions, and increased risk of aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm in certain individuals. Due to these potential risks, ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in individuals with certain health conditions.
Pharmacokinetics[edit | edit source]
Ciprofloxacin is absorbed rapidly after oral administration, with a bioavailability of approximately 70%. It is distributed widely in the body, including to tissues and fluids. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily by the kidneys.
History[edit | edit source]
Developed by Bayer A.G., ciprofloxacin was first patented in 1983 and approved for medical use in 1987. It has since become one of the most widely used antibiotics worldwide.
Society and culture[edit | edit source]
Generic versions of ciprofloxacin are available, and it is considered a staple medication in health systems around the world.
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