May–Thurner syndrome

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May–Thurner syndrome
Diagram of the iliac veins
Synonyms	Iliac vein compression syndrome, Cockett syndrome
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Vascular surgery, Interventional radiology
Symptoms	Leg swelling, pain, deep vein thrombosis
Complications	Pulmonary embolism, chronic venous insufficiency
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery
Risks
Diagnosis	Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, Venography
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment	Anticoagulation, stenting, thrombolysis
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency
Deaths

May–Thurner syndrome (MTS), also known as Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome, is a medical condition in which the left iliac vein is compressed by the overlying right iliac artery. This compression can lead to the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the left leg. The condition is named after Dr. R. May and Dr. J. Thurner, who first described it in the 1950s.

Pathophysiology

The compression of the left iliac vein by the right iliac artery can cause a narrowing of the vein, leading to impaired blood flow. This can result in increased pressure within the vein, which may cause damage to the vein wall and promote the formation of blood clots. Over time, this can lead to chronic venous insufficiency and other complications.

Symptoms

Symptoms of May–Thurner syndrome can vary but often include:

• Swelling in the left leg
• Pain or tenderness in the left leg
• Redness or warmth in the affected area
• Development of varicose veins

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of May–Thurner syndrome typically involves imaging studies to visualize the compression of the iliac vein. Common diagnostic tools include:

• Doppler ultrasound
• CT venography
• MR venography
• Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)

Treatment

Treatment options for May–Thurner syndrome aim to relieve the compression of the iliac vein and prevent the formation of blood clots. These may include:

• Anticoagulant medications to prevent clot formation
• Thrombolysis to dissolve existing clots
• Angioplasty and stenting to open up the compressed vein
• Surgical intervention in severe cases

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for individuals with May–Thurner syndrome is generally good. However, if left untreated, the condition can lead to serious complications such as recurrent DVT, chronic pain, and swelling.

See also

• Deep vein thrombosis
• Iliac vein
• Iliac artery
• Venous insufficiency
• Thrombosis
• Anticoagulant