Coffee in India

Coffee in India refers to the cultivation, production, and consumption of coffee in the country. India is the sixth largest coffee producer in the world, with the majority of its production concentrated in the southern states of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.

History

The history of coffee in India dates back to the 17th century when it was first introduced by a Muslim saint named Baba Budan. He smuggled seven coffee beans from Yemen and planted them in the hills of Chikmagalur, which are now known as the Baba Budan Hills.

Cultivation

Coffee is primarily grown in the hilly regions of South India, under the shade of trees. The two main varieties of coffee cultivated in India are Arabica and Robusta. The Indian coffee industry is characterized by its small farm-holdings, with the majority of the farms being less than 10 hectares in size.

Production

India produces both Arabica and Robusta coffees, with Robusta accounting for about 70% of total production. The country also produces a small quantity of Liberica coffee. The coffee is often inter-cropped with spices like cardamom, cinnamon, clove, and nutmeg, which adds a distinct flavor to the coffee.

Consumption

While India is a major coffee producer, its domestic consumption is relatively low compared to tea. However, coffee consumption has been growing steadily, particularly in urban areas, with the rise of coffee chains like Café Coffee Day and Starbucks.

Export

India exports about 70-80% of its coffee production. The major export destinations are Europe, Russia, and the United States. Indian coffee is highly valued in the global market for its distinct flavor and aroma.

Challenges

The Indian coffee industry faces several challenges, including climate change, pests and diseases, and labor shortages. The government and various industry bodies are working on strategies to address these challenges and ensure the sustainability of the industry.

See also

• Coffee production by country
• Economy of India
• Agriculture in India