Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (CAHA) is a type of anemia characterized by the body's immune system attacking and destroying its own red blood cells at cold temperatures. This condition is a subtype of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA), which is a group of disorders where the immune system mistakenly identifies red blood cells as foreign substances and destroys them.

Causes

CAHA is often caused by an underlying condition such as infection, lymphoma, or autoimmune disease. It can also occur as a result of exposure to certain drugs or chemicals. In some cases, the cause of CAHA is unknown, a condition referred to as idiopathic CAHA.

Symptoms

The symptoms of CAHA can vary widely, but often include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, cold hands and feet, and dark urine. In severe cases, it can lead to jaundice, heart failure, or even death.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CAHA typically involves a series of blood tests, including a complete blood count (CBC), reticulocyte count, and direct antiglobulin test (DAT). In some cases, a bone marrow biopsy may be necessary to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for CAHA is primarily aimed at managing symptoms and treating the underlying cause, if known. This may involve immunosuppressive therapy, plasmapheresis, or in severe cases, splenectomy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with CAHA varies widely and depends on the severity of the condition and the success of treatment. With appropriate treatment, many individuals with CAHA can lead normal, healthy lives.

File:Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia.jpg

Micrograph showing red blood cell destruction in CAHA

See also

• Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
• Hemolytic disease of the newborn