Collapsing pulse

Collapsing pulse

Illustration of Watson's Water Hammer Pulse

Watson's Water Hammer Pulse, also known as Corrigan's Pulse or Collapsing Pulse, is a medical sign indicative of aortic regurgitation and other conditions that feature a significant increase in pulse pressure. The pulse is characterized by a rapid, forceful expansion followed by a sudden collapse, reminiscent of the Victorian toy known as a water hammer, which made a sound like a hammer blow when fluid inside it was abruptly stopped.

Historical Background

Named after Sir William Watson and Sir Dominic John Corrigan, this pulse sign was first associated with aortic valve insufficiency in the 19th century. The term "water hammer pulse" draws its analogy from a Victorian toy demonstrating the physical principle of momentum transfer, illustrating the pulse's abrupt rise and fall.

Clinical Significance

Watson's Water Hammer Pulse is primarily associated with:

• Aortic regurgitation: A condition where the aortic valve does not close properly, causing blood to flow backward into the left ventricle.
• It may also be observed in conditions leading to increased pulse pressure and arterial elasticity changes.

Diagnosis

The pulse can be felt by palpating the radial or brachial artery, where a bounding and rapidly collapsing pulse is noted. Diagnostic tests for underlying causes may include:

• Echocardiography: To assess the aortic valve and detect regurgitation.
• Cardiac MRI: For detailed cardiac structure and function analysis.

Related Conditions

• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
• Aortic valve regurgitation
• Hyperthyroidism: Can sometimes mimic or enhance the characteristics of a water hammer pulse.

Management

Management of Watson's Water Hammer Pulse focuses on treating the underlying cause, particularly aortic regurgitation. Treatment options may include:

• Medication: To manage symptoms and prevent worsening of the condition.
• Surgical intervention: Aortic valve repair or replacement in severe cases.

See Also

• Aortic valve
• Echocardiography
• Hyperthyroidism

External Links

• American Heart Association - Heart Valve Problems and Disease
• Mayo Clinic - Aortic Valve Regurgitation

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