Common bile duct stone

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Common bile duct stone
Common bile duct stones
Synonyms	Choledocholithiasis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever
Complications	Cholangitis, pancreatitis, biliary cirrhosis
Onset	Typically in adults
Duration	Varies
Types	N/A
Causes	Migration of gallstones from the gallbladder into the common bile duct
Risks	Gallstones, obesity, rapid weight loss, pregnancy, age
Diagnosis	Ultrasound, MRCP, ERCP, blood tests
Differential diagnosis	Cholecystitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	ERCP, surgery, lithotripsy
Medication	Antibiotics for infection, analgesics for pain
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common in adults with gallstones
Deaths	Rare, but can occur if complications arise

Common bile duct stone (also known as choledocholithiasis) is a medical condition where stones form in the common bile duct. This condition is a complication of gallstones, and it can lead to serious health issues if not treated promptly.

Introduction

The common bile duct is a small, tube-like structure that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine. Bile is a fluid that helps in the digestion of fats. When stones form in the common bile duct, they can block the flow of bile, leading to inflammation, infection, and in severe cases, damage to the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Causes

Most common bile duct stones are formed in the gallbladder and then move to the common bile duct. This can happen when the gallbladder doesn't empty completely or often enough. The remaining bile can become very concentrated, and this can lead to the formation of stones. Some factors that can increase the risk of developing common bile duct stones include a history of gallstones, obesity, rapid weight loss, and certain diseases of the liver and blood.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of common bile duct stone include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. In severe cases, it can lead to cholangitis (inflammation of the bile ducts) and pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of common bile duct stone is usually made based on symptoms, medical history, and a physical examination. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI can help visualize the stones. In some cases, a procedure called ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) may be used to both diagnose and treat the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for common bile duct stone usually involves removing the stone. This can be done through ERCP, or in more severe cases, surgery may be required. Medications may also be used to dissolve the stones, but this is less common.

Prevention

Prevention of common bile duct stone involves managing risk factors. This includes maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and managing underlying health conditions.

Gallery

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  Ultrasonography of common bile duct stone, with arrow
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  ERCP Roentgen