Cox maze procedure

Cox maze procedure is a type of surgical procedure developed by James Cox, a cardiac surgeon, in 1987. It is primarily used to treat atrial fibrillation, a common heart disorder characterized by irregular and often rapid heart rate.

History[edit | edit source]

The Cox maze procedure was first performed by Dr. James Cox at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. The procedure was named "maze" due to the pattern of incisions made in the atrium to create a "maze" of pathways through which the electrical signals could travel.

Procedure[edit | edit source]

The Cox maze procedure involves creating a series of surgical incisions in the atria, which are then stitched back together. This results in the formation of scar tissue, which does not conduct electricity and thus interrupts the abnormal electrical signals causing atrial fibrillation. The procedure is often performed during open heart surgery for other heart conditions.

Variations[edit | edit source]

Over the years, several variations of the Cox maze procedure have been developed. The most recent version, known as the Cox maze IV or "mini-maze", uses radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation instead of surgical incisions to create the scar tissue.

Effectiveness[edit | edit source]

The Cox maze procedure is considered to be one of the most effective treatments for atrial fibrillation. Studies have shown that it can cure atrial fibrillation in up to 90% of patients, although it is a complex procedure with potential risks and complications.

Risks and Complications[edit | edit source]

Like all surgical procedures, the Cox maze procedure carries some risks. These can include bleeding, infection, stroke, and heart attack. There is also a risk of pacemaker dependency following the procedure.