Cranial nerve palsies

Cranial Nerve Palsies

File:Cranial nerves.svg

The twelve cranial nerves.

Cranial nerve palsies are a group of neurological disorders that involve the dysfunction of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. These disorders can result in a variety of symptoms, depending on the specific nerve(s) affected.

Etiology

Cranial nerve palsies can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, infection, tumors, vascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. The specific cause often determines the type and severity of symptoms.

Symptoms and Signs

The symptoms of cranial nerve palsies vary widely, depending on the specific nerve(s) affected. They can include:

• Diplopia (double vision)
• Ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid)
• Anosmia (loss of smell)
• Facial paralysis
• Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
• Hearing loss
• Vertigo (a sensation of spinning)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of cranial nerve palsies typically involves a thorough neurological examination, as well as imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan to identify any structural abnormalities.

Treatment

Treatment for cranial nerve palsies depends on the underlying cause. It may involve medication, surgery, or physical therapy. In some cases, the palsy may resolve on its own without treatment.

See also

• Cranial nerves
• Neurology
• Neurological disorders