Crouzon syndrome
(Redirected from Craniofacial dysostosis)
A genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones
Crouzon syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones, a process known as craniosynostosis. This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face. Crouzon syndrome is named after the French neurologist Octave Crouzon, who first described the condition in 1912.
Genetics[edit | edit source]
Crouzon syndrome is caused by mutations in the FGFR2 gene, which provides instructions for making a protein involved in the development and maintenance of bone and tissue. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In some cases, the mutation occurs as a new (de novo) mutation, with no family history of the disorder.
Clinical Features[edit | edit source]
Individuals with Crouzon syndrome typically present with distinctive facial features due to the premature fusion of skull bones. These features may include:
- Brachycephaly (short and broad head)
- Proptosis (bulging eyes)
- Hypertelorism (wide-set eyes)
- Strabismus (misalignment of the eyes)
- Maxillary hypoplasia (underdeveloped upper jaw)
- Beaked nose
Other possible features include hearing loss, dental abnormalities, and cleft palate.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome is based on clinical evaluation, family history, and genetic testing. Imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs can be used to assess the extent of craniosynostosis and other skeletal abnormalities.
Management[edit | edit source]
Management of Crouzon syndrome typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including:
- Craniofacial surgery to correct skull and facial deformities
- Orthodontic treatment for dental issues
- Ophthalmologic care for eye problems
- Audiological evaluation and management for hearing loss
Early intervention and regular follow-up are crucial to address the various complications associated with the syndrome.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with Crouzon syndrome varies depending on the severity of the condition and the presence of associated complications. With appropriate medical and surgical management, many individuals can lead healthy lives.
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Contributors: Kondreddy Naveen, Prab R. Tumpati, MD