Cricopharyngeal spasm

A condition involving the cricopharyngeus muscle

Cricopharyngeal Spasm

Correlation between Cricopharyngeal spasms & Covid-19

Cricopharyngeal spasm is a condition characterized by the abnormal contraction of the cricopharyngeus muscle, which is part of the upper esophageal sphincter. This condition can lead to a sensation of a lump in the throat, known as globus sensation, and can cause difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia.

Anatomy and Physiology

The cricopharyngeus muscle is a circular muscle located at the top of the esophagus. It plays a crucial role in swallowing by relaxing to allow food and liquid to pass from the pharynx into the esophagus. Normally, this muscle remains contracted to prevent air from entering the esophagus during breathing and to prevent reflux of esophageal contents.

Symptoms

Individuals with cricopharyngeal spasm often report a persistent sensation of a lump in the throat, which is not associated with pain. This sensation can be intermittent or constant and is often exacerbated by stress or anxiety. Other symptoms may include mild dysphagia, throat tightness, and a feeling of constriction in the neck.

Causes

The exact cause of cricopharyngeal spasm is not well understood, but it is believed to be related to stress, anxiety, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It may also be associated with other conditions such as laryngopharyngeal reflux or muscle tension dysphonia.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of cricopharyngeal spasm is primarily clinical, based on the patient's symptoms and history. A thorough examination by an otolaryngologist or a gastroenterologist may be necessary to rule out other conditions. Diagnostic tests such as a barium swallow, esophagoscopy, or manometry may be used to assess the function of the esophagus and the cricopharyngeus muscle.

Treatment

Medications used in treatment

Treatment for cricopharyngeal spasm often involves addressing the underlying causes, such as managing stress or treating GERD. Behavioral therapies, such as speech therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy, may be beneficial. Medications such as muscle relaxants, antidepressants, or proton pump inhibitors may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms. In some cases, botulinum toxin injections into the cricopharyngeus muscle may be considered to reduce muscle spasm.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with cricopharyngeal spasm is generally good, as the condition is benign and does not lead to serious complications. With appropriate management, most patients experience significant relief from symptoms.

Related Pages

• Globus pharyngis
• Dysphagia
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Laryngopharyngeal reflux