Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma

Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects the skin. It is a rare condition, accounting for less than 5% of all cases of cutaneous lymphomas. CBCL is characterized by the presence of B-cell lymphocytes in the skin, which are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to fight infections.

Types

There are three main types of CBCL: primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma, and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type.

• Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma is the most common type of CBCL. It typically presents as red or purple papules, nodules, or plaques on the skin. This type of lymphoma is slow-growing and rarely spreads beyond the skin.

• Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma is the second most common type of CBCL. It usually appears as a solitary, slow-growing nodule or plaque, often on the head, neck, or upper trunk.

• Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type is the least common but most aggressive type of CBCL. It typically presents as rapidly growing nodules or tumors on the legs, but can also occur on other parts of the body.

Symptoms

The symptoms of CBCL can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Common symptoms include skin lesions that may be red, purple, or brown and may appear as patches, plaques, or nodules. Some people may experience itching, pain, or discomfort in the affected area.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CBCL typically involves a skin biopsy, where a small sample of the affected skin is removed and examined under a microscope. Additional tests, such as blood tests, imaging studies, and bone marrow biopsy, may be performed to determine the extent of the disease.

Treatment

Treatment for CBCL depends on the type and stage of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. Options may include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In some cases, a skin-directed therapy such as topical corticosteroids, retinoids, or phototherapy may be used.

Prognosis

The prognosis for CBCL varies depending on the type and stage of the disease. In general, the prognosis is good for primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma, with a high rate of long-term survival. The prognosis for primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, is less favorable, but improvements in treatment have led to better survival rates in recent years.