Cystic hygroma

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Cystic Hygroma: Overview and Characteristics[edit | edit source]

Cystic hygroma, also known as lymphangioma circumscriptum, is a benign growth typically found in the neck region, resulting from an abnormal development of the lymphatic system. This tumor is characterized by a cystic dilation of the lymphatic vessels.

image of a patient with cystic hygroma in the neck region.

Origin and Pathogenesis[edit | edit source]

Lymphatic System Origin[edit | edit source]

The cystic hygroma arises from the lymphatic system, a crucial component of the immune system responsible for draining excess fluids from body tissues and facilitating the movement of immune cells.

Abnormal Development[edit | edit source]

Due to some congenital factors or genetic mutations, there might be an abnormal development of the lymphatic vessels, leading to the formation of the cystic hygroma.

Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

Cystic hygromas often appear as:

  • Soft, painless lumps or masses in the neck.
  • Fluctuating in size, often increasing if the patient has a respiratory infection.
  • Occasionally visible as a bluish discoloration beneath the skin.

Diagnosis and Management[edit | edit source]

Diagnostic Techniques[edit | edit source]

  • Ultrasound: Utilized primarily during pregnancy to detect cystic hygromas in fetuses.
  • MRI and CT Scans: Helpful to delineate the size, location, and complexity.

Treatment Options[edit | edit source]

While cystic hygromas are benign, they may require treatment due to their size or location. Approaches include:

  • Surgical Excision: Complete removal of the mass.
  • Sclerotherapy: Injecting a solution into the cyst to shrink it.
  • Aspiration: Draining fluid from the cyst.

Prognosis and Complications[edit | edit source]

Though benign, untreated cystic hygromas may lead to:

  • Infections.
  • Airway obstruction.
  • Disfigurement or functional impairments.

Early detection and appropriate management can ensure a good prognosis for most patients.

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

[1]


Cystic hygroma Resources

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Contributors: Kondreddy Naveen, Dr.T