Cystourethrography

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Cystourethrography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the urinary bladder and the urethra. This procedure is commonly employed to diagnose abnormalities in the lower urinary tract, such as vesicoureteral reflux, urethral stricture, and bladder diverticulum.

Types of Cystourethrography

There are two main types of cystourethrography:

• Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG): This type involves filling the bladder with a contrast agent and taking X-ray images while the patient voids (urinates). It is particularly useful for detecting vesicoureteral reflux.
• Retrograde Cystourethrography: In this type, the contrast agent is introduced directly into the bladder through a catheter, and images are taken while the bladder is full and during voiding.

Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. The patient is positioned on an X-ray table.
2. A catheter is inserted into the urethra and advanced into the bladder.
3. A contrast agent is introduced through the catheter to fill the bladder.
4. X-ray images are taken in various positions to visualize the bladder and urethra.
5. In the case of VCUG, additional images are taken while the patient voids.

Indications

Cystourethrography is indicated for:

• Evaluation of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Assessment of urinary incontinence
• Investigation of congenital abnormalities in children
• Detection of bladder and urethral injuries
• Diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction

Risks and Complications

While cystourethrography is generally safe, potential risks and complications include:

• Discomfort or pain during catheter insertion
• Urinary tract infection
• Allergic reaction to the contrast agent
• Radiation exposure, although minimal

Preparation

Preparation for cystourethrography may include:

• Informing the healthcare provider of any allergies, especially to contrast agents
• Ensuring the bladder is empty before the procedure
• Following specific instructions regarding fluid intake

Aftercare

After the procedure, patients are usually advised to:

• Drink plenty of fluids to help flush out the contrast agent
• Monitor for signs of infection, such as fever or painful urination
• Follow up with their healthcare provider for results and further management

See Also

• Urology
• Radiology
• Urinary system
• Diagnostic imaging