Cytochrome oxidase

Cytochrome oxidase (also known as Complex IV) is an enzyme that is part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. It is responsible for the final step in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in cells.

Function

Cytochrome oxidase catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen, which is then reduced to water. This process is coupled with the pumping of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase.

Structure

The enzyme is a large protein complex composed of several subunits. The core of the enzyme contains two heme a moieties and two copper centers, which are the sites of oxygen reduction.

Role in Disease

Defects in cytochrome oxidase can lead to a number of mitochondrial diseases, including Leigh syndrome and Alpers syndrome. These diseases are often characterized by muscle weakness, neurological problems, and lactic acidosis.

Research

Research into cytochrome oxidase has provided insights into the mechanisms of cellular respiration and energy production. It has also led to the development of potential treatments for mitochondrial diseases.

See Also

• Electron transport chain
• Mitochondria
• Cellular respiration
• Mitochondrial diseases

References

Cytochrome oxidase Resources
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