Diacetylverrucarol

Diacetylverrucarol is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is produced by certain species of fungi. It is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis and can cause a variety of adverse health effects in humans and animals.

Structure and Properties

Diacetylverrucarol is a small, cyclic molecule with a molecular weight of 338.43 g/mol. It has a complex structure that includes two acetyl groups and a verrucarol moiety. The molecule is highly lipophilic, which allows it to easily cross cell membranes and exert its toxic effects.

Biosynthesis

Diacetylverrucarol is produced by several species of fungi, including Fusarium and Stachybotrys. These fungi produce the toxin as part of their secondary metabolism, and its production is often stimulated by environmental stressors such as nutrient limitation or competition with other microorganisms.

Toxicity

Diacetylverrucarol is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis. It binds to the ribosome, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis, and prevents the addition of new amino acids to the growing protein chain. This inhibition of protein synthesis can lead to cell death and a variety of adverse health effects.

In humans, exposure to diacetylverrucarol can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, it can cause damage to the liver and kidneys, and can even be fatal.

Detection and Treatment

Methods for detecting diacetylverrucarol in food and feed samples include liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These methods are highly sensitive and can detect the toxin at very low concentrations.

Treatment for diacetylverrucarol poisoning is primarily supportive, and includes measures such as hydration and symptomatic relief. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

See Also

• Trichothecene
• Mycotoxin
• Fusarium
• Stachybotrys