Dibromochloropropane

Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) is a high-density, colorless, liquid organic compound that is used as a soil fumigant, nematocide, and insecticide. It is a member of the class of compounds known as halocarbons.

Chemical Properties

DBCP has the molecular formula C3H5Br2Cl. It is a dense, nonflammable liquid that is slightly soluble in water. It has a sweet, chloroform-like odor. The compound is stable under normal conditions, but it can react with strong oxidizing agents, causing a fire hazard.

Uses

DBCP was primarily used as a soil fumigant and nematocide on farms in the United States from the 1940s until 1977. It was effective in controlling nematodes in the soil, which are microscopic, worm-like organisms that feed on the roots of plants. However, due to its high toxicity and potential for causing adverse health effects, the use of DBCP was banned in the U.S. in 1977 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Health Effects

Exposure to DBCP can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Acute exposure can cause irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, as well as nausea, headaches, and dizziness. Chronic exposure can lead to more serious health effects, including damage to the lungs, liver, kidneys, and reproductive system. DBCP has been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

Environmental Impact

DBCP is highly persistent in the environment and can contaminate both soil and groundwater. It is also highly toxic to aquatic life. Due to its high volatility, it can easily evaporate into the air, contributing to air pollution.

Regulation

In the U.S., the EPA has set a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for DBCP in drinking water at 0.2 parts per billion (ppb). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for DBCP in the workplace at 1 part per million (ppm) over an 8-hour workday.

See Also

• Nematode
• Halocarbons
• Environmental Protection Agency
• International Agency for Research on Cancer