Diffuse esophageal spasm

Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is a condition characterized by uncoordinated contractions of the esophagus, which can cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or regurgitation. In some cases, it can cause pain that can be severe and mimic heart pain (angina).

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of DES are dysphagia and chest pain. Dysphagia can occur with both solid and liquid foods. The chest pain can be severe and is often mistaken for angina. Other symptoms can include regurgitation of food or liquids, heartburn, and belching.

Causes

The exact cause of DES is unknown. However, it is thought to result from a disruption of the normal coordination of muscular activity in the esophagus. This disruption can be triggered by factors such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), psychological stress, and certain foods or drinks.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of DES is typically made based on the symptoms and results from tests such as esophageal manometry and barium swallow. Esophageal manometry measures the rhythmic muscle contractions in your esophagus when you swallow, the coordination and force exerted by the esophagus muscles. Barium swallow is an X-ray test that outlines the esophagus and reveals any abnormalities in the esophagus.

Treatment

Treatment for DES primarily involves managing symptoms and can include medications, such as smooth muscle relaxants, and procedures, such as botulinum toxin (Botox) injections. In severe cases, surgery may be considered.

See also

• Esophagus
• Esophageal motility disorder
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Dysphagia