Dihydroxybenzenes

Dihydroxybenzenes are a group of organic compounds that consist of a benzene ring substituted by two hydroxyl groups. They are also known as benzenediols. There are three isomers of dihydroxybenzenes, namely catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone, which differ in the positions of the hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring.

Structure and Properties

Structure of Catechol, one of the isomers of Dihydroxybenzenes

Dihydroxybenzenes have the molecular formula C6H6O2. The hydroxyl groups (-OH) are directly attached to the carbon atoms in the benzene ring. The position of these hydroxyl groups determines the specific isomer. In catechol, the hydroxyl groups are adjacent (1,2- position), in resorcinol they are in 1,3- position, and in hydroquinone they are in 1,4- position.

These compounds are white crystalline solids at room temperature. They are soluble in water due to the presence of the polar hydroxyl groups. They exhibit properties of both phenols and benzenes.

Synthesis

Dihydroxybenzenes can be synthesized through various methods. One common method is the hydroxylation of phenol in the presence of a strong oxidizing agent. Another method is the reduction of quinones.

Uses

Dihydroxybenzenes have a wide range of applications. They are used in the production of plastics, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. They also serve as building blocks in organic synthesis.

Health Effects

Exposure to dihydroxybenzenes can cause skin and eye irritation. Ingestion or inhalation can lead to harmful effects on the liver and kidneys. Therefore, proper safety measures should be taken while handling these compounds.

See Also

• Phenols
• Benzenes
• Hydroxylation
• Quinones