Dissociative fugue

Dissociative Fugue

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A person experiencing confusion, a common symptom of dissociative fugue.

Dissociative fugue, formerly known as psychogenic fugue, is a rare psychiatric disorder characterized by reversible amnesia for personal identity, including the memories, personality, and other identifying characteristics of individuality. The state is usually short-lived (ranging from hours to days), but can last months or longer. Dissociative fugue is a subtype of dissociative disorders, which are conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity, or perception.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of dissociative fugue is sudden, unexpected travel away from home or customary work locations, with an inability to recall one's past. Individuals in a fugue state are often confused about their identity and may even assume a new identity. Other symptoms may include:

• Confusion
• Distress
• Depression
• Anxiety

Causes

The exact cause of dissociative fugue is not well understood, but it is often associated with severe stress, trauma, or a history of abuse. It may also be triggered by a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, war, or a serious accident.

Diagnosis

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Confusion and disorientation are key features in diagnosing dissociative fugue.

Diagnosis of dissociative fugue is typically made based on a thorough psychiatric evaluation and history. It is important to rule out other potential causes of amnesia, such as neurological disorders, substance abuse, or other medical conditions. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) provides criteria for diagnosing dissociative fugue.

Treatment

Treatment for dissociative fugue often involves psychotherapy, which can help the individual understand and cope with the underlying issues that triggered the fugue state. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and hypnotherapy may be beneficial. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to address symptoms of depression or anxiety.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with dissociative fugue varies. Many people recover fully and regain their memories, while others may experience lingering effects or recurrent episodes. Early intervention and treatment can improve outcomes.

Related pages

• Dissociative identity disorder
• Amnesia
• Post-traumatic stress disorder
• Psychotherapy