Distal colon

Distal Colon

The distal colon is a part of the large intestine that includes the descending colon and the sigmoid colon. It is responsible for the final stages of water absorption from the feces and the storage of fecal matter in the body until it can be expelled.

Anatomy

The distal colon begins at the splenic flexure where the transverse colon turns downward, and it ends at the rectum. The descending colon travels down the left side of the abdomen, and the sigmoid colon is the short, curvy part that leads to the rectum.

Function

The main function of the distal colon is to absorb water and electrolytes from the feces to form solid waste. It also stores fecal matter until it is ready to be expelled from the body.

Diseases and Conditions

Several diseases and conditions can affect the distal colon, including:

• Colorectal cancer: This is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. It is the third most common type of cancer in the United States.
• Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis: Diverticulosis is a condition where small pouches, called diverticula, form in the colon wall. If these pouches become inflamed or infected, it is called diverticulitis.
• Ulcerative colitis: This is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract.
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): This is a common disorder that affects the large intestine and can cause cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation.

Treatment

Treatment for diseases and conditions of the distal colon depends on the specific disease or condition. Treatment options may include diet changes, medication, or surgery.

See Also

• Anatomy of the colon
• Diseases of the colon
• Treatment options for colon diseases

Distal colon Resources
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