Pterygium unguis

A detailed overview of Pterygium unguis

Pterygium Unguis

Pterygium unguis affecting the nail.

Pterygium unguis is a condition affecting the nail unit, characterized by the abnormal growth of the cuticle over the nail plate. This condition can lead to cosmetic concerns and, in some cases, functional impairment of the affected digit.

Pathophysiology

Pterygium unguis occurs when the eponychium (the skin at the base of the nail) adheres to the nail plate and grows forward. This can result from various factors, including trauma, inflammatory conditions, or systemic diseases. The condition is often associated with lichen planus, an inflammatory skin condition that can affect the nails.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with pterygium unguis typically present with a triangular extension of the proximal nail fold over the nail plate. This can lead to a distorted nail appearance and, in severe cases, may cause discomfort or pain. The condition can affect one or multiple nails and is often symmetrical.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pterygium unguis is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the nail. A thorough medical history and physical examination are essential to identify any underlying conditions, such as lichen planus or other systemic diseases. In some cases, a biopsy of the nail matrix may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Management

Management of pterygium unguis involves addressing the underlying cause, if identified. In cases associated with lichen planus, treatment may include topical or systemic corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Surgical intervention may be considered in severe cases to remove the pterygium and restore normal nail growth.

Prognosis

The prognosis for pterygium unguis varies depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Early intervention and treatment of any associated conditions can improve outcomes and prevent progression.

Related pages

• Lichen planus
• Nail anatomy
• Cuticle (nail)