Nail anatomy

Nail Anatomy

The human nail is a complex structure made up of several different components, each with its own specific function. The nail is an integral part of the human body and plays a crucial role in protecting the sensitive tips of the fingers and toes.

Structure

The nail consists of several parts:

• Nail plate: The hard, translucent part of the nail that is visible on the finger or toe. It is made of a protein called keratin.

• Nail bed: The skin beneath the nail plate. It contains blood vessels and nerves and is responsible for nourishing the nail plate.

• Nail matrix: The part of the nail bed that is responsible for producing cells that become the nail plate. It is located at the base of the nail.

• Cuticle: A thin layer of skin at the base of the nail that protects the nail matrix from bacteria and injury.

• Lunula: The half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail. It is the visible part of the nail matrix.

Function

The primary function of the nail is to protect the fingertips and the delicate tissues beneath. They also enhance the sensitivity of the fingertip and are used for scratching and manipulating small objects.

Health and Disease

The condition of the nails can often reflect a person's general health. Certain diseases and conditions can cause changes in the nails, such as nail discoloration, nail thickening, and nail separation. Some of these conditions include anemia, diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease.

See Also

• Fingernail
• Toenail
• Nail disease
• Nail care