DsRNA virus

Detailed article on dsRNA viruses

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Electron micrograph of a Reoviridae virion
colspan=2 style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)" | Virus classification

dsRNA viruses are a diverse group of viruses that have a genome composed of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). These viruses are classified under Baltimore classification Group III. They infect a wide range of hosts, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.

Structure

The structure of dsRNA viruses is characterized by a double-stranded RNA genome, which is typically segmented. The number of segments can vary among different families of dsRNA viruses. The viral capsid, which encases the genome, is usually icosahedral in shape and can be composed of one or more protein layers.

Replication

Replication of dsRNA viruses occurs in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The virus must first deliver its genome into the host cell, where the dsRNA is transcribed into mRNA by a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis and as a template for the synthesis of new dsRNA genomes.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of dsRNA viruses varies widely depending on the host and the specific virus. In humans and animals, some dsRNA viruses can cause diseases ranging from mild gastroenteritis to severe systemic infections. In plants, they can cause stunted growth and other symptoms.

Examples of dsRNA viruses

• Reoviridae: This family includes important human pathogens such as Rotavirus, which is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in young children.
• Birnaviridae: Includes viruses that infect fish and birds, such as the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV).
• Totiviridae: These viruses primarily infect fungi and protozoa.

Immune Response

The immune response to dsRNA viruses involves both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The presence of dsRNA in the cytoplasm is a potent trigger for the innate immune response, leading to the production of interferons and other cytokines. Adaptive immunity involves the production of specific antibodies and the activation of T cells.

Research and Applications

Research on dsRNA viruses has led to significant insights into viral replication and host-pathogen interactions. dsRNA viruses are also used in biotechnology and medicine, for example, in the development of vaccines and as vectors for gene therapy.

Also see

• RNA virus
• Virus classification
• Viral replication
• Rotavirus
• Reoviridae

Virus classification

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Diagram of a virus structure