Dysthymia

Dysthymia, also known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD), is a type of chronic depression that lasts for a long period of time, often two years or more. It is characterized by a depressed mood that occurs for most of the day, more days than not, and has been present for at least two years.

Symptoms

The symptoms of dysthymia are similar to those of major depressive disorder, but they are less severe and more persistent. These may include feelings of sadness or hopelessness, low energy or fatigue, difficulty concentrating or making decisions, and a lack of interest in daily activities.

Causes

The exact cause of dysthymia is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. It is often associated with a history of other mental health disorders, such as anxiety disorder or personality disorder.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of dysthymia is based on a thorough clinical interview and diagnostic guidelines from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The DSM-5 criteria for dysthymia include a depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for at least two years.

Treatment

Treatment for dysthymia typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is often used to help individuals with dysthymia change negative thought patterns and improve coping skills. Medications, such as antidepressants, may also be used to help manage symptoms.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, many people with dysthymia can lead healthy, productive lives. However, some individuals may continue to experience symptoms or have periods of full-blown major depression, known as "double depression."

See also

• Depression (mood)
• Major depressive disorder
• Mental health