Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor

A rare benign tumor of the oral cavity

Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECMT) is a rare, benign neoplasm that primarily occurs in the oral cavity, particularly on the tongue. It is characterized by its unique histological features and its occurrence in the head and neck region.

Presentation

ECMT typically presents as a slow-growing, painless mass on the tongue, often on the dorsal surface. Patients may notice a lump or swelling, but it is generally asymptomatic. The tumor is usually well-circumscribed and can vary in size.

Histopathology

Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor histology

Histologically, ECMT is characterized by a lobular architecture with a myxoid stroma. The tumor is composed of spindle-shaped and stellate cells embedded in a chondromyxoid matrix. The cells are typically bland, with no significant atypia or mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical staining often shows positivity for S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and vimentin.

High magnification of ECMT

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of ECMT is primarily based on histological examination and immunohistochemical profiling. The differential diagnosis includes other myxoid and chondroid tumors, such as myoepithelioma, pleomorphic adenoma, and chondroid syringoma.

Treatment

The standard treatment for ECMT is surgical excision. Due to its benign nature, complete removal of the tumor is usually curative, and recurrence is rare. Regular follow-up is recommended to monitor for any signs of recurrence.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with ECMT is excellent, given its benign behavior and low recurrence rate after complete excision. There is no known potential for malignant transformation.

Related pages

• Oral pathology
• Benign tumor
• Histopathology

Low magnification of ECMT

See also

• S-100 protein
• Glial fibrillary acidic protein
• Vimentin

Alcian Blue staining of ECMT