Hypereosinophilic syndrome
(Redirected from Endomyocardial fibrosis)
Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a group of rare blood disorders characterized by the overproduction of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. This condition can lead to damage in various organs and tissues due to the accumulation of eosinophils. HES is typically diagnosed when a patient has a persistently high eosinophil count (greater than 1,500 eosinophils per microliter of blood) for more than six months without a known cause.
Classification[edit | edit source]
HES can be classified into several subtypes based on the underlying cause and clinical presentation:
- Myeloproliferative HES - associated with genetic mutations such as the FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene.
- Lymphocytic HES - associated with abnormal T cells that produce eosinophil-stimulating factors.
- Idiopathic HES - where no specific cause can be identified.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of HES can vary widely depending on the organs affected. Common symptoms include:
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of HES involves several steps:
- Complete blood count (CBC) to measure eosinophil levels.
- Bone marrow biopsy to examine the production of eosinophils.
- Genetic testing to identify mutations such as the FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene.
- Imaging studies (e.g., CT scan, MRI) to assess organ involvement.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for HES aims to reduce eosinophil levels and prevent organ damage. Common treatments include:
- Corticosteroids - to reduce inflammation and eosinophil production.
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., imatinib) - particularly effective in cases with the FIP1L1-PDGFRA mutation.
- Immunosuppressive drugs - to control the immune system.
- Interferon-alpha - to modulate the immune response.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for HES varies depending on the subtype and response to treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy can improve outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
- Eosinophilia
- Myeloproliferative neoplasms
- Chronic eosinophilic leukemia
- Systemic mastocytosis
- Autoimmune diseases
Categories[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD