Endothelin 2

Endothelin 2 (ET-2) is a member of the Endothelin family, which is a group of proteins with vasoconstrictive properties. These proteins are produced by vascular endothelial cells and have a significant role in the regulation of vasoconstriction and vasodilation, blood pressure control, and cell proliferation.

Structure[edit | edit source]

Endothelin 2 is a 21-amino acid peptide. Like other members of the Endothelin family, it is produced as a large precursor molecule, which is then cleaved by Endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) to produce the active peptide.

Function[edit | edit source]

Endothelin 2 is a potent vasoconstrictor. It binds to the Endothelin receptors ET_A and ET_B, which are found on the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels. This binding triggers a cascade of events leading to the contraction of the smooth muscle cells, thereby constricting the blood vessel and increasing blood pressure.

In addition to its vasoconstrictive properties, Endothelin 2 also has pro-inflammatory effects. It stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes the adhesion of white blood cells to the endothelium, contributing to the inflammatory response.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Abnormal levels of Endothelin 2 have been associated with various pathological conditions, including high blood pressure, hardening of the arteries, and certain types of cancer. It is also implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart failure.