Epidemic myalgia

Epidemic myalgia, also known as Bornholm disease or Devil's grip, is a medical condition characterized by severe pain in the lower chest, often thought to be caused by the Coxsackie B virus. The disease is named after the Danish island of Bornholm where an outbreak was one of the first to be studied.

Etiology[edit | edit source]

Epidemic myalgia is primarily caused by the Coxsackie B virus, a member of the Enterovirus genus. Other viruses from the same genus, such as Echovirus, have also been associated with the disease. The virus is typically spread through fecal-oral transmission, but can also be spread through respiratory droplets.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The primary symptom of epidemic myalgia is severe pain in the lower chest, often described as a gripping or tearing sensation. Other symptoms can include fever, headache, and muscle soreness. The pain is typically worse with movement and can make it difficult to breathe deeply or move the torso.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of epidemic myalgia is typically based on the characteristic symptoms and a history of exposure to the virus. Laboratory tests can be used to confirm the diagnosis, including PCR testing to detect the virus in the blood or stool, and serology tests to detect antibodies to the virus.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for epidemic myalgia is primarily supportive, including rest, hydration, and pain management. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to help manage the pain. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Epidemiology[edit | edit source]

Epidemic myalgia is most common in children and young adults, but can occur at any age. Outbreaks often occur in the late summer and early fall, and can spread rapidly in close living conditions such as schools and military barracks.