Erythrocytosis

Erythrocytosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the body. This can lead to a thickening of the blood, which can increase the risk of blood clots and strokes. Erythrocytosis can be primary, caused by a problem with the bone marrow where red blood cells are produced, or secondary, caused by factors outside the bone marrow such as low oxygen levels.

Causes

Primary erythrocytosis is often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that promotes the growth and division of cells, including red blood cells. Mutations in the JAK2 gene can lead to an overproduction of red blood cells.

Secondary erythrocytosis can be caused by various conditions that reduce the amount of oxygen in the blood, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sleep apnea, and living at high altitudes. It can also be caused by tumors that produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

Symptoms

Symptoms of erythrocytosis can include fatigue, dizziness, headaches, and a reddish complexion. In severe cases, it can lead to more serious symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, and vision problems.

Diagnosis

Erythrocytosis is usually diagnosed through a complete blood count (CBC), which measures the number of red blood cells in the blood. Further tests may be needed to determine the cause of the erythrocytosis.

Treatment

Treatment for erythrocytosis depends on the underlying cause. It may involve phlebotomy, a procedure to remove some of the blood from the body, or medications to reduce the number of red blood cells. In cases of secondary erythrocytosis, treating the underlying condition can often resolve the erythrocytosis.

See also

• Polycythemia
• Anemia
• Hematology

Erythrocytosis Resources
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