Esophageal ulcer

Esophageal ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer that primarily affects the esophagus. It is characterized by the development of open sores or ulcers in the lining of the esophagus, which can cause significant discomfort and complications if left untreated.

Causes

Esophageal ulcers are typically caused by damage to the esophageal lining due to acid reflux, a condition in which stomach acid backs up into the esophagus. Other potential causes include prolonged use of certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and bisphosphonates, and infections caused by bacteria or viruses, such as Helicobacter pylori or herpes simplex virus.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of esophageal ulcers include heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and chest pain. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. In severe cases, esophageal ulcers can lead to complications such as bleeding, perforation of the esophagus, and stricture (narrowing) of the esophagus.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of esophageal ulcers typically involves a combination of physical examination, patient history, and diagnostic tests. These tests may include an endoscopy, in which a thin tube with a camera is inserted down the throat to examine the esophagus, and a biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is removed for examination under a microscope.

Treatment

Treatment for esophageal ulcers typically involves medications to reduce stomach acid and promote healing of the ulcer. These may include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 blockers, and antacids. In some cases, surgery may be required to repair damage to the esophagus.

See also

• Peptic ulcer
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Stomach ulcer

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