Ethanol poisoning

Ethanol poisoning is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition resulting from the excessive consumption of ethanol, commonly known as alcohol. Ethanol is a psychoactive substance primarily found in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits. When consumed in large quantities, ethanol can depress the central nervous system, leading to a range of symptoms from mild intoxication to coma or even death.

Symptoms and Signs

The symptoms of ethanol poisoning vary depending on the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of the individual. Initial signs may include slurred speech, unsteady gait, nausea, and vomiting. As BAC increases, more severe symptoms can occur, including confusion, seizures, respiratory depression, hypothermia, and unconsciousness. In extreme cases, ethanol poisoning can lead to coma and death.

Causes

Ethanol poisoning is primarily caused by the consumption of large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time, a behavior often referred to as binge drinking. However, it can also occur through accidental or intentional ingestion of household products containing ethanol, such as certain cleaning agents and hand sanitizers.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ethanol poisoning is based on the observation of symptoms and confirmed through blood tests measuring BAC. A BAC of 0.08% is considered legally impaired in many jurisdictions, while levels above 0.3% are potentially life-threatening and require immediate medical intervention.

Treatment

Treatment for ethanol poisoning focuses on supporting vital functions and preventing complications until the alcohol is metabolized by the body. This may include airway management, administration of oxygen, intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration, and monitoring for respiratory depression and aspiration pneumonia. In severe cases, dialysis may be necessary to remove ethanol from the blood.

Prevention

Prevention of ethanol poisoning involves education on the risks of excessive alcohol consumption and promoting responsible drinking behaviors. It also includes the regulation of alcohol sales and the availability of resources for individuals struggling with alcohol dependence.

See Also

• Alcohol intoxication
• Binge drinking
• Alcohol dependence