FOREST

Forest
Ecology
Fauna	Diverse animal species

A forest is a large area dominated by trees. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), a forest is defined as land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ.

Types of Forests

Forests can be classified into different types based on their geographical location, climate, and the types of trees they contain. The major types of forests include:

Tropical Forests

Tropical forests are located near the equator and are characterized by high rainfall and biodiversity. They include tropical rainforests and tropical dry forests.

Temperate Forests

Temperate forests are found in regions with moderate climates and include both deciduous and evergreen forests.

Boreal Forests

Boreal forests, also known as taiga, are found in high-latitude environments and are dominated by coniferous trees.

Ecological Importance

Forests play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. They are vital for:

• Carbon sequestration: Forests absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate climate change.
• Biodiversity: Forests are home to a vast array of plant and animal species, many of which are not found anywhere else.
• Water cycle: Forests influence the water cycle by regulating the flow of water and maintaining water quality.
• Soil conservation: The root systems of trees help to prevent soil erosion.

Human Impact

Human activities such as deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization have significantly impacted forests. Deforestation leads to loss of biodiversity, disruption of water cycles, and contributes to climate change.

Conservation Efforts

Efforts to conserve forests include:

• Establishing protected areas and national parks.
• Promoting sustainable forestry practices.
• Reforestation and afforestation projects.
• International agreements like the Paris Agreement to reduce carbon emissions.

Also see

• Rainforest
• Deforestation
• Biodiversity
• Climate change
• Ecosystem