Flexor hallucis brevis muscle

Musculus flexor hallucis brevis

Flexor hallucis brevis is a muscle located in the sole of the human foot, playing a crucial role in the movement and support of the big toe. It is one of the intrinsic muscles of the foot, meaning it originates and inserts within the foot itself. This muscle is essential for walking, running, and maintaining balance.

Anatomy

The Flexor hallucis brevis originates from the cuboid bone and the lateral cuneiform, and it inserts into the base of the first phalanx of the big toe. It is situated deep in the foot, beneath the plantar fascia, and is divided into two heads – medial and lateral. These heads are responsible for flexing the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint, aiding in the push-off phase of the gait cycle.

The muscle receives its blood supply from the medial plantar artery, a branch of the posterior tibial artery. Innervation is provided by the medial plantar nerve, which is a branch of the tibial nerve.

Function

The primary function of the Flexor hallucis brevis is to flex the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. This action is crucial for the propulsion phase of walking, running, and jumping, as it helps to push the body forward. Additionally, by maintaining the arch of the foot, this muscle plays a role in stabilizing the foot during the stance phase of the gait cycle.

Clinical Significance

Injuries or conditions affecting the Flexor hallucis brevis can lead to pain and dysfunction in the foot. One common condition is hallux rigidus, a form of degenerative arthritis that affects the big toe's motion. Overuse, inflammation, or injury to this muscle can also contribute to plantar fasciitis, a painful condition affecting the sole of the foot.

Treatment

Treatment for issues involving the Flexor hallucis brevis typically includes rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), along with physical therapy exercises aimed at strengthening and increasing the flexibility of the foot muscles. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve pain and restore function.