Flora of Florida

An overview of the plant life found in the state of Florida

The Flora of Florida encompasses a diverse range of plant species found in the state of Florida, United States. Florida's unique climate and geography contribute to its rich biodiversity, making it home to a wide variety of native and non-native plant species. This article provides an overview of the major plant communities, notable species, and conservation efforts related to Florida's flora.

Geography and Climate

Florida is located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordered by the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the states of Alabama and Georgia. The state's climate is primarily humid subtropical, with a tropical climate in the southern regions. This climate, along with Florida's diverse ecosystems, supports a wide range of plant life.

Major Plant Communities

Florida's flora is categorized into several major plant communities, each with distinct characteristics and species.

Pine Flatwoods

The Pine flatwoods are one of the most extensive ecosystems in Florida. These areas are characterized by flat, sandy terrain and are dominated by slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris). The understory typically includes saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) and various grasses.

Everglades

The Everglades is a vast subtropical wetland located in southern Florida. It is home to a unique assemblage of plant species, including the sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense), which dominates the landscape. Other notable plants include the cypress (Taxodium spp.) and various species of mangroves.

Hammocks

Hammocks are dense stands of hardwood trees that occur on elevated areas within wetlands. Common species found in hammocks include live oak (Quercus virginiana), sabal palm (Sabal palmetto), and various species of mahogany.

Coastal Dunes

The coastal dunes of Florida are characterized by sandy soils and salt-tolerant vegetation. Common plants include sea oats (Uniola paniculata), which help stabilize the dunes, and various species of beach grasses.

Notable Plant Species

Florida is home to a wide variety of plant species, some of which are endemic to the state.

• Florida torreya (Torreya taxifolia) - A critically endangered conifer found in the Florida Panhandle.
• Florida yew (Taxus floridana) - A rare tree species also found in the Panhandle region.
• Ghost orchid (Dendrophylax lindenii) - A rare and elusive orchid found in the swamps of southern Florida.

Conservation Efforts

Conservation of Florida's flora is critical due to threats such as habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change. Various state and federal programs aim to protect and restore native plant communities. The Florida Native Plant Society is one organization dedicated to the preservation of Florida's native plants.

Also see

• Fauna of Florida
• Everglades National Park
• Invasive species in Florida
• Florida Native Plant Society