G-CSF

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
Synonyms	G-CSF
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Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells and release them into the bloodstream. It is a type of colony-stimulating factor used to treat neutropenia, a condition characterized by an abnormally low number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell.

Function

G-CSF is a cytokine that acts on the hematopoietic system to promote the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells into mature neutrophils. It binds to the G-CSF receptor on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells, triggering a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways that lead to increased production of neutrophils.

Clinical Use

G-CSF is commonly used in clinical settings to treat patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, bone marrow transplantation, and other conditions that result in low neutrophil counts. It is administered as a subcutaneous injection or intravenous infusion.

Types of G-CSF

There are several forms of G-CSF available, including:

• Filgrastim - a recombinant form of G-CSF.
• Pegfilgrastim - a pegylated form of filgrastim with a longer half-life.
• Lenograstim - a glycosylated form of G-CSF.

Side Effects

Common side effects of G-CSF treatment include bone pain, fever, and fatigue. Rare but serious side effects can include splenic rupture and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Mechanism of Action

G-CSF exerts its effects by binding to the G-CSF receptor, which is a member of the cytokine receptor family. This binding activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, leading to the transcription of genes involved in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.

Research

Ongoing research is exploring the use of G-CSF in other conditions, such as chronic neutropenia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and as an adjunct in stem cell transplantation.

See Also

• Colony-stimulating factor
• Hematopoiesis
• Neutrophil

External Links

• G-CSF on WikiMD

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