Genetically modified potato

Auspflanzung Schweden 2

A genetically modified potato is a potato that has had its genes altered using genetic engineering techniques. These modifications are typically made to introduce desirable traits such as resistance to pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, as well as to improve the nutritional content or reduce the levels of naturally occurring toxins.

History

The development of genetically modified potatoes began in the late 20th century. The first genetically modified potato approved for commercial use was the NewLeaf potato, developed by Monsanto in the 1990s. This potato was engineered to produce a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, which is effective against the Colorado potato beetle, a major pest.

Traits

Genetically modified potatoes have been developed to exhibit a variety of traits, including:

• **Pest resistance**: By incorporating genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, these potatoes can produce Bt toxins that are harmful to specific insect pests.
• **Disease resistance**: Some genetically modified potatoes have been engineered to resist diseases such as late blight, caused by the Phytophthora infestans pathogen.
• **Reduced bruising and browning**: Genetic modifications can reduce the expression of enzymes that cause bruising and browning, improving the appearance and shelf life of the potatoes.
• **Enhanced nutritional content**: Efforts have been made to increase the levels of certain nutrients, such as vitamin A, in genetically modified potatoes.

Regulation

The regulation of genetically modified potatoes varies by country. In the United States, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) all play roles in the approval process. In the European Union, genetically modified crops are subject to strict regulations and must undergo a thorough risk assessment before they can be approved for cultivation or sale.

Controversy

The use of genetically modified potatoes, like other genetically modified organisms (GMOs), has been the subject of controversy. Proponents argue that genetically modified potatoes can lead to increased yields, reduced pesticide use, and improved food security. Critics, however, raise concerns about potential environmental impacts, food safety, and the ethics of genetic modification.

Examples

Some examples of genetically modified potatoes include:

• **NewLeaf**: Developed by Monsanto, this potato was engineered to produce Bt toxins for pest resistance.
• **Innate**: Developed by J.R. Simplot Company, this potato has been modified to reduce bruising and browning and to lower the levels of acrylamide, a potential carcinogen formed when potatoes are cooked at high temperatures.

See also

• Genetically modified food
• Genetically modified organism
• Genetic engineering
• Potato