Gingival margin

Gingival fibroma is a benign neoplasm that originates from the gingival tissue. It is characterized by a slow-growing, firm, and asymptomatic mass that is usually pink in color, similar to the surrounding gingival tissue. The condition can occur at any age and is not gender-specific.

Etiology

The exact cause of gingival fibroma is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with genetic factors, hormonal changes, and chronic irritation. Some studies suggest that it may be related to the Tuberous sclerosis complex, a genetic disorder that causes noncancerous (benign) tumors to grow in many parts of the body.

Clinical Features

Gingival fibromas are usually asymptomatic and are often discovered during routine dental examinations. They are typically less than 1 cm in diameter and have a smooth or lobulated surface. The color of the fibroma is usually similar to the surrounding gingival tissue, but it can also be slightly paler or darker. The fibroma is usually firm to touch and does not bleed unless traumatized.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of gingival fibroma is usually made based on the clinical features and histopathological examination. The differential diagnosis includes other benign gingival lesions such as pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma.

Treatment

The treatment of choice for gingival fibroma is surgical excision. The prognosis after surgical removal is excellent, with a low recurrence rate. However, regular follow-up is recommended to monitor for any signs of recurrence.

See Also

• Gingival hyperplasia
• Gingival enlargement
• Fibroma
• Tuberous sclerosis