Globozoospermia

Globozoospermia

Micrograph of sperm cells affected by globozoospermia

Globozoospermia is a rare sperm disorder characterized by the presence of round-headed spermatozoa lacking an acrosome. This condition is a significant cause of male infertility due to the inability of the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida of the oocyte.

Pathophysiology

In globozoospermia, the spermatogenesis process is disrupted, leading to the production of sperm cells with abnormal morphology. The absence of the acrosome, a cap-like structure derived from the Golgi apparatus, impairs the sperm's ability to undergo the acrosome reaction, which is essential for fertilization. The acrosome contains enzymes necessary for breaking down the outer layers of the oocyte.

Genetic Factors

Globozoospermia is often linked to genetic mutations. Mutations in genes such as DPY19L2, SPATA16, and ZPBP have been associated with this condition. These genes are involved in the formation and function of the acrosome during sperm development.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of globozoospermia is typically made through semen analysis and electron microscopy. The semen analysis reveals a high percentage of round-headed spermatozoa, while electron microscopy confirms the absence of the acrosome.

Treatment

Currently, there is no cure for globozoospermia. However, assisted reproductive technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can be used to achieve fertilization. In ICSI, a single sperm is injected directly into the oocyte, bypassing the need for the acrosome reaction.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with globozoospermia depends on the severity of the condition and the success of assisted reproductive techniques. While natural conception is unlikely, ICSI offers a viable option for achieving pregnancy.

Related pages

• Male infertility
• Spermatogenesis
• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
• Acrosome reaction