Glycogen storage disease type III
Glycogen Storage Disease Type III (GSD III), also known as Cori disease or Forbes disease, is a rare genetic disorder that affects the metabolism of glycogen. It is one of the several types of glycogen storage diseases, which are characterized by the abnormal storage and accumulation of glycogen in the body.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
GSD III is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme amylo-1,6-glucosidase, also known as the debranching enzyme. This enzyme is crucial for the proper breakdown of glycogen into glucose. In individuals with GSD III, the debranching enzyme is either absent or not functioning correctly, leading to the accumulation of abnormally structured glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues.
Clinical Features[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of GSD III can vary widely among affected individuals. Common clinical features include:
- Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels)
- Hyperlipidemia (elevated levels of lipids in the blood)
- Myopathy (muscle weakness)
- Growth retardation
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of GSD III is typically based on clinical evaluation, biochemical tests, and genetic testing. Liver biopsy may reveal the presence of abnormal glycogen deposits. Genetic testing can confirm mutations in the AGL gene, which encodes the debranching enzyme.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
There is currently no cure for GSD III, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Dietary management is crucial and may include:
- Frequent meals high in carbohydrates
- Avoidance of fasting
- Supplementation with cornstarch to maintain blood glucose levels
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with GSD III varies. With proper management, many individuals can lead relatively normal lives, although some may experience progressive muscle weakness and liver disease.
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
Template:Glycogen storage diseases
Glycogen storage disease in liver - high magnification
Autosomal recessive inheritance pattern
Alpha-D-glucopyranose 2D skeletal structure
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