Haloperidol decanonate

Haloperidol Decanoate is a long-acting antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders characterized by psychosis. It is a decanoate ester of haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic drug, which allows for less frequent dosing compared to the parent compound. Haloperidol decanoate is administered via intramuscular injection and is designed to be released slowly over several weeks, providing a steady level of medication in the bloodstream.

Medical Uses

Haloperidol decanoate is primarily used for the management of schizophrenia, particularly in patients who have difficulty adhering to daily medication regimens. It may also be used in the treatment of schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and other conditions as determined by a healthcare provider. The long-acting nature of the medication helps improve compliance and ensures consistent therapeutic effects.

Pharmacology

Haloperidol decanoate works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, particularly D2 receptors, which are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of psychosis and schizophrenia. By inhibiting dopamine activity, it can reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. The decanoate ester prolongs the drug's action by slowly releasing haloperidol into the bloodstream over an extended period.

Administration

The medication is administered via deep intramuscular injection, typically into the gluteal muscle. The dosing interval usually ranges from every four weeks to every eight weeks, depending on the patient's response and the stability of their symptoms. The dose must be individualized based on the patient's needs and the response to therapy.

Side Effects

Like other antipsychotic medications, haloperidol decanoate can cause side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (such as dystonia, akathisia, and parkinsonism), tardive dyskinesia, weight gain, sedation, and anticholinergic effects. Long-term use can also lead to an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Monitoring for side effects and adjusting the dose as necessary is an important part of treatment.

Contraindications

Haloperidol decanoate is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to haloperidol or any component of the formulation. It should be used with caution in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, seizure disorders, or conditions that could be exacerbated by the anticholinergic effects of the drug.

See Also

• Antipsychotic
• Schizophrenia
• Psychosis
• Dopamine